A musical rest is like a "silent note". A rest lasts for a certain
length of time (beats), like a note does. For each note length (whole note,
half note, etc.), there is a matching rest ("whole rest", "half rest",
etc.).
So, here are the different rests:
Whole Rest
The whole rest (4 beats) is a small black block which hangs
below a staff line:
Half Rest
The half rest (2 beats) looks similar to the whole rest, except it
sits above a staff line:
Quarter Rest
The quarter rest (1 beat) is a special squiggle, a bit like a 3
or Z:
Eighth Rest
The eighth rest (½ beat) looks something like a 7:
Sixteenth Rest
The sixteenth rest (¼ beat) is like an eighth rest, but with
two flags: